Ciclopirox Olamine: A Comprehensive Pharmacological Review

The increasing prevalence of fungal infections necessitates effective antifungal therapies (1). Ciclopirox olamine, a hydroxypyridone derivative, demonstrates broad-spectrum antifungal activity along with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties (2,3).

2. Chemical and Physicochemical Properties

2.1 Chemical Structure

Ciclopirox olamine is the ethanolamine salt of ciclopirox with molecular formula C14H24N2O3 (13). It exhibits tautomerism between keto and enol forms.

2.2 Physicochemical Properties

It is a white crystalline powder, freely soluble in water, and stable under normal conditions (16,17).

3. Pharmacological Profile

3.1 Mechanism of Action

Ciclopirox acts by chelating Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ ions, inhibiting metal-dependent enzymes and disrupting fungal metabolism (4,14).

3.2 Pharmacological Activity

It shows activity against dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds (24). It also exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects (26,27).

4. Clinical Applications

Ciclopirox is used in treating tinea infections, candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and onychomycosis (5–7).

5. Formulations

It is available as creams, gels, shampoos, and nail lacquers for topical use (43,44).

6. Emerging Applications

Recent studies show potential anticancer, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects (52–56).

CONCLUSION

Ciclopirox olamine is a versatile antifungal agent with broad therapeutic potential and excellent safety profile.

REFERENCES

1. Mucha P et al. Applied Sciences. 2024.
2. Jue SG et al. Drugs. 1985.
3. Abrams BB et al. Clin Dermatol. 1991.
4. Gupta AK. Int J Dermatol. 2001.
5. Sonthalia S et al. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2019.